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Our oceans are changing. Elevated greenhouse gases cause the increase of Earth’s average temperature (or global warming) and contribute to what is known as climate change. This in turn has a big influence on the oceans and the organisms that live therein. Given that oceans are changing so rapidly, how are marine organisms affected by this? Can they adapt? How can we study those adaptations? Where should we start?

In between Africa and Asia, in the Middle East region, lies a vast mass of seawater connected to the Indian ocean by its southern end. This water body is called the Red Sea, some say because of the presence of a reddish-brown cyanobacteria in its waters, others say because red was the color representing “south” (of the Mediterranean civilization) in ancient times. Its localization makes it a unique environment with high temperatures and salinities (that is the amount of salt dissolved in water) that create a complex environmental gradient from north to south in its more than two thousand kilometers of length. Despite these harsh, almost alien conditions, the Red Sea is home to large green mangroves, more than a thousand species of fish (many of them unique to the Red Sea), hundreds of species of corals and countless invertebrates. At the microscopic level, we make new discoveries every day so that our knowledge on the diversity of bacteria, microalgae, and viruses is constantly increasing.

But if this environment seems so difficult to sustain life, how do all these organisms still prosper in it? This is one of many questions scientists are trying to answer by studying the organisms (biota) of the Red Sea as well as the abiotic factors such as temperature, salinity and nutrients and how they affect organisms. Because of its extreme conditions, the Red Sea is a unique laboratory to study and learn about the impact of climate change on ecosystems: it represents a time machine that allows us to look into the future of tropical oceans and lets us understand how organisms thrive in environmental extremes.

The aim of this collection is to explore the current knowledge we have on the Red Sea biodiversity and its adaptability to environmental change. From the mutual beneficial relationships (symbiosis) between corals and their algal partners, their protection, and the role of the Red Sea in providing a source of food to its neighboring countries, we aspire to learn how life can find a way to flourish even when the odds seem to be against it. More importantly, by understanding the present conditions of the Red Sea, we might be able to predict how organisms from other regions will adapt to climate change."> 地球上一个陌生的地方:红海作为未来海洋的典范·年轻人的前沿 - 万博体育max官网登录

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地球上一个陌生的地方:红海作为未来海洋的模型

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Rúben Costa, Christian Voolstra

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我们的海洋正在发生变化。温室气体的增加导致地球平均温度升高(或全球变暖),并导致所谓的气候变化。这反过来又对海洋和生活在其中的生物产生了巨大的影响。考虑到海洋变化如此之快,海洋生物是如何受到影响的?他们能适应吗?我们如何研究这些适应性?我们应该从哪里开始呢?

在非洲和亚洲之间的中东地区,有一大片海水,其南端与印度洋相连。这片水域被称为红海,有人说是因为它的水域中存在一种红褐色的蓝藻,也有人说是因为红色在古代是代表“南方”(地中海文明)的颜色。它的位置使它具有独特的环境,高温和盐度(即溶解在水中的盐的量),在其两千多公里的长度中创造了从北到南的复杂环境梯度。尽管条件恶劣,几乎是外来的,但红海是大片绿色红树林、一千多种鱼类(其中许多是红海独有的)、数百种珊瑚和无数无脊椎动物的家园。在微观层面上,我们每天都有新的发现,因此我们对细菌、微藻和病毒多样性的认识不断增加。

但是,如果这种环境似乎很难维持生命,那么所有这些生物是如何在其中繁荣发展的呢?这是科学家们试图通过研究红海的生物(生物群)以及温度、盐度和营养物质等非生物因素以及它们如何影响生物来回答的许多问题之一。由于其极端条件,红海是研究和了解气候变化对生态系统影响的独特实验室:它代表了一台时间机器,使我们能够展望热带海洋的未来,并让我们了解生物如何在极端环境中茁壮成长。

该系列的目的是探索我们目前对红海生物多样性及其对环境变化的适应性的了解。从珊瑚和它们的藻类伙伴之间的互利关系(共生关系),它们的保护,以及红海在为其邻国提供食物来源方面的作用,我们渴望了解生命是如何在逆境中找到蓬勃发展的方法的。更重要的是,通过了解红海的现状,我们或许能够预测其他地区的生物将如何适应气候变化。

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